Chapter outlines
| 5% Dextrose |
| Composition |
| Pharmacological basis |
| Indications |
| Contraindications |
| Precautions |
| Rate of administration |
| Normal Saline |
| Composition |
| Pharmacological basis |
| Indications |
| Contraindications and precautions |
| Dextrose Saline |
| Composition |
| Pharmacological basis |
| Indications |
| Precautions |
| Half Normal Saline |
| Composition |
| Pharmacological basis |
| Indications |
| Contraindications |
| Half Normal Saline with Dextrose |
| Composition |
| Pharmacological basis |
| Indications |
Crystalloids are solutions in sterile water which contain varying concentrations of electrolytes and dextrose. Dextrose and sodium chloride containing crystalloid solutions are discussed (Summarized in Table 3.1).
5% DEXTROSE (D5W)
Composition
One liter of fluid contains:
Hydrous Dextrose USP 50 gm
Osmolality 252 mOsm/L
Caloric value 170 kcal/L
pH 4.3 (3.2 to 6.5)
Each 100 ml of 5% Dextrose contains Hydrous Dextrose USP 5 gm
Pharmacological basis
5% dextrose (usually abbreviated as D5W) provides free water with glucose without electrolytes. D5W is selected when there is a need for water but not electrolytes.
When a patient requires pure water, we administer intravenous 5% dextrose. Intravenous administration of free water is avoided due to its potential to cause hemolysis of red blood cells. However, the addition of dextrose renders the fluid near isotonic (252 mOsm/L) and does not result in hemolysis within the body.
5% dextrose packed in the bag is an isotonic solution, but once infused becomes a hypotonic solution in the body as dextrose is consumed rapidly, and the remaining plain water is hypotonic [1].
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